Common PCB Gerber File Extensions and Their Meanings

Gerber files typically consist of multiple layers, each represented by a different file extension.

A complete Gerber file set ensures the manufacturer can produce the PCB correctly. Missing or incorrect files can lead to boards that are incomplete, unmanufacturable, or unreliable.

PCB Gerber File Extensions

In PCB manufacturing, the Gerber file is one of the most important data sets—it is essentially the “blueprint” for production. Gerber files define PCB graphics such as copper traces, solder mask, silkscreen, drilling data, and surface finish instructions. Manufacturers rely on these files to ensure the board is fabricated exactly as designed.

For engineers, buyers, and designers, understanding the meaning of Gerber file extensions is crucial to avoid miscommunication and costly errors during manufacturing. This article will explain the most common Gerber file extensions and their functions.

SQPCB’s Expertise in Handling Gerber Files

In practice, issues such as solder mask misalignment, wrong drill-to-pad registration, or silkscreen covering pads often originate from Gerber errors or outdated processing methods.

SQPCB uses LDI direct imaging lines for circuitry and solder mask, and automated legend inkjet printing machines. These investments—though significant—ensure:

Superior solder mask registration and accuracy

Elimination of shrinkage, misalignment, or operator error from film-based exposure

Fewer scratches, fewer defects, less rework, and a glossy, uniform solder mask finish

With in-house lamination, HASL, and ENIG plating lines, SQPCB maintains full control over both quality and delivery times, transforming customer Gerber files into precise, high-yield PCBs.

Gerber Files and Drill Data

Among the Gerber set, the drill file is critical. It defines all mechanical, via, blind, and buried holes in the PCB. Drill files are usually provided in .DRL or .TXT formats and are essential for accurate hole plating and alignment.

Drill accuracy and registration directly affect the conductivity and reliability of multilayer PCBs. Any errors in the drill data can compromise the entire board.

SQPCB’s Assurance in Gerber-to-Production Conversion

Low-end PCB suppliers often suffer from:

Solder mask misalignment with copper layers

Drill hole offset from pads

Silkscreen overlapping pads, causing soldering defects

At SQPCB, Gerber files are processed with LDI laser alignment and fully automated workflows, ensuring that every PCB layer aligns perfectly during production.

Combined with in-house lamination, ENIG, and HASL plating, SQPCB guarantees that customer designs are accurately reproduced as high-quality, reliable boards—delivered on time without costly rework.

Conclusion

Gerber files are the universal “language” of PCB manufacturing, with each extension representing a different function or process requirement. Understanding these extensions helps engineers and buyers communicate effectively with manufacturers and avoid production risks.

With its LDI imaging equipment, automated inkjet systems, and in-house lamination and plating lines, SQPCB ensures that Gerber files are translated into high-quality, reliable PCBs with stable yields and controlled lead times.

FAQ

Q1: What happens if a Gerber file is missing?
A1: The PCB manufacturer may not be able to produce a complete board. Missing layers can result in absent solder mask, silkscreen, or copper data.

Q2: Are drill files included in Gerber data?
A2: Drill files are usually provided separately as .DRL or .TXT, specifically for CNC drilling machines.

Q3: Why should Gerber files be checked before sending to production?
A3: Errors such as incorrect solder mask windows or silkscreen overlapping pads can cause yield loss and rework.

Q4: What is the difference between Gerber and ODB++?
A4: Gerber is the most common PCB data format. ODB++ is a more comprehensive format that includes fabrication, BOM, and assembly data.

Q5: How does SQPCB ensure Gerber accuracy in manufacturing?
A5: With LDI imaging, automated printing, in-house lamination, and ENIG plating, SQPCB ensures every design is manufactured precisely, with full process control.